SLP2: Přehled časů (Present, Past, Future)

Cíl: vybrat správný čas podle významu (rutina × dočasně; pozadí × událost; plán/důkaz × rozhodnutí teď).

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Slovní zásoba (signály + užitečné výrazy)

generally / typicallyobecn? / typicky

routinerutina

temporary actiondočasná činnost

background actionděj na pozadí

interruptionpřerušení děje

arrangementdomluvený plán

instant decisionokamžité rozhodnutí

time marker?asov? ukazatel

sequence markerukazatel posloupnosti

finished timeuzavřený čas

open time periodotevřené časové období

future meaningbudoucí význam

story flowtok vyprávění

time reference?asov? odkaz

tense contrastkontrast ?as?

timelinečasová osa

contextkontext situace

operationoperace / nasazen?

briefinginstruktáž / briefing

checkpointkontrolní stanoviště

convoykonvoj

Tip: Ptej se: co tím mluvčí myslí (rutina dočasně pozadí plán).

Ve STANAG SLP2 rozhoduje hlavně význam situace. Nejdřív urči, jestli popisuješ rutinu, děj právě teď, nebo domluvený plán.

1) Přítomnost: present simple × continuous (význam > pravidlo)

Present Simple = fakta, rutina, jízdní řády.
Present Continuous = děj teď, dočasnost, trend, domluvený termín.

Present Simple

I serve in a logistics unit.Sloužím v logistické jednotce. She doesn't miss roll call.Nezmeškává nástup. The convoy leaves at 06:10.Konvoj odjíždí v 06:10.

Present Continuous

I am working at the base this week.Tento týden pracuji na základně. Security levels are rising again.Úroveň zabezpečení opět stoupá. We are meeting at 17:00.Scházíme se v 17:00 (domluvený termín).

Typická chyba: stavová slovesa (know, believe, understand) bývají obvykle v simple. Někdy ale continuous mění význam na dočasný nebo zdvořilý.

Tvorba	Příklad
Simple otázka/zápor	Do/Does + základní tvarDo you work? / He doesn't work.Pracuješ? / On nepracuje.
Continuous otázka/zápor	am/is/are + -ingAre you working? / I'm not working.Pracuješ právě teď? / Já teď nepracuji.

Cvičení 1: Present – vyber správnou formu (14)

Rutina × dočasně, trend, domluvené, stavové sloveso…

1) She usually ______ up at 6. (get)

2) Sorry — I ______ right now. (drive)

3) We ______ in a hotel for the time being. (stay)

4) My brother ______ three languages. (speak)

5) I ______ my manager at 4. (meet)

6) I ______ what you mean. (understand)

7) I ______ you can help me. (hope)

8) More people ______ electric cars these days. (buy)

9) The flight ______ at 11:40. (leave)

10) Why ______ you ______ to her so often (text)

11) You ______ things at the last minute! (always / change)

12) Water ______ at 100°C. (boil)

13) This month I ______ earlier than usual. (start)

14) She ______ the door because it's noisy. (close)

2) Minulost: past simple × continuous (událost × pozadí)

Past Simple = dokončená událost.
Past Continuous = průběh na pozadí.

Past Simple (co se stalo)

We arrived late at the checkpoint.Na kontrolní stanoviště jsme dorazili pozdě. She called HQ yesterday.Včera volala na velitelství. He didn't reply on the radio.Neodpověděl do rádia.

Past Continuous (co probíhalo)

I was patrolling when you called.Byl jsem na hlídce, když jsi volal. They were waiting at the gate for 30 minutes.Čekali u brány 30 minut. What were you doing during the alert?Co jsi dělal během poplachu

Rychlý vzorec: když jeden děj přeruší druhý, bývá konstrukce Past Continuous + when + Past Simple.

Tvorba	Příklad
Past Simple otázka/zápor	Did + základní tvarDid you call? / I didn't call.Volal jsi? / Nevolal jsem.
Past Continuous	was/were + -ingThey were moving.Přesouvali se.

Cvičení 2: Past – vyber správnou formu (14)

Pozor na when/while, suddenly, by the time.

1) I ______ dinner when the lights went out. (cook)

2) Yesterday we ______ a very long meeting. (have)

3) At 9 pm, she ______ emails. (answer)

4) While we ______ home, it started to rain. (walk)

5) We were talking and suddenly he ______. (leave)

6) When I ______, they were already inside. (arrive)

7) He ______ his phone while he was running. (drop)

8) What ______ you ______ when I called (do)

9) We ______ the email last night. (not / receive)

10) While she was studying, I ______. (work)

11) In 2020, I ______ in a small flat near the station. (live)

12) At that time, I ______ in Spain. (live)

13) By the time I called, she ______. (leave)

14) They ______ for an hour when the bus finally arrived. (wait)

3) Budoucnost: will × going to (+ domluvené plány)

going to = plán / důkaz teď.
will = rozhodnutí teď, nabídka, slib, názor.
present continuous = pevně domluvené.

Plan / evidence → going to

We're going to relocate in May.V květnu se budeme stěhovat. Look — it's going to rain.Podívej — bude pršet (je to vidět). I'm not going to accept that schedule.Nebudu akceptovat tento rozvrh.

Decision / offer → will

I'll report it now.Nahlásím to hned teď. I will help you with the brief.Pomohu vám se zadáním. I think it will be fine for the mission.Myslím, že to bude pro misi v pořádku.

Domluvený termín: u jasně domluveného budoucího plánu je velmi běžný present continuous.We are meeting the team at 17:00.Sejdeme se s týmem v 17:00.

Cvičení 3: Future – vyber nejlepší variantu (14)

Plán/důkaz × reakce teď × domluvené.

1) Look at the sky! It ______.

2) I think you ______ this book.

3) A: The printer is broken. B: I ______ call IT.

4) We ______ visit Prague next weekend. (already planned)

5) We ______ at 6 outside the station. (meet)

6) Don't worry — I ______ tell anyone.

7) That glass is shaking — it ______.

8) A: I can't carry this. B: I ______ help you.

9) ______ you ______ open the window, please (request)

10) I ______ buy that phone. It's too expensive.

11) I'm sure it ______ take long.

12) Oh, I forgot my keys — I ______ go back.

13) Hurry up — the train ______ leave.

14) I ______ the dentist on Monday at 9. (have an appointment)

4) Čtení

Jak postupovat:
Nejdřív si přečti celý text a urči časovou osu (co je rutina, co probíhalo, co se stalo, co je plán). Potom vybírej odpověď podle významu v kontextu, ne podle jednoho slova.

Text 1: A temporary change

I normally work at the base, but this week I'm working at the field post because our office is under repair. Right now I'm answering emails and preparing a short briefing. In the afternoon I usually train in the gym, but today I'm meeting the duty officer at 18:00.

Question: Which option shows a routine

Text 2: Two actions in the past

Last night I was walking to the barracks when I noticed a vehicle slowing behind me. I was trying to stay calm, but suddenly it stopped and the driver asked for directions. By the time I answered, the vehicle had already turned the corner and disappeared. In the follow-up debrief, team leaders compared the timeline, clarified responsibilities, and confirmed which decision points affected the outcome of the task.

Question: What is the interrupting event

Text 3: Evidence × opinion

Look at the convoy ahead — we're going to be late. I think the briefing will start without us, so let's radio them now. Don't worry, I'll handle it. In the follow-up debrief, team leaders compared the timeline, clarified responsibilities, and confirmed which decision points affected the outcome of the task.

Question: Why "going to"

Text 4: Plan × quick decision

We're meeting on Friday after duty — it's already arranged. We're going to inspect the new storage area because the team requested it. If it's closed, we'll check the backup site nearby. In the follow-up debrief, team leaders compared the timeline, clarified responsibilities, and confirmed which decision points affected the outcome of the task.

Question: Which option is a plan

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